> @programs{@pnames} = ("") x @pnames; > # ... > die unless (exists $programs{$program}); It seems to me that that combines the worst features of two preferable solutions. It has the awkward initialization of this: @programs{@pnames} = (1) x @pnames; # ... die unless $programs{$program}; and the slightly annoying use of "exists" of this: @programs{@pnames} = (); # ... die unless exists $programs{$program}; -- Keith C. Ivey <kcivey@cpcug.org> http://cpcug.org/user/kcivey/ Washington, DC ==== Want to unsubscribe from Fun With Perl? ==== Well, if you insist... Send mail with body "unsubscribe" to ==== fwp-request@technofile.org