>>>>> "Steve" == Steve Willer <willer@interlog.com> writes: Steve> So I'll amend my original submission to have the following line instead: Steve> $phdfiles{$fname} = '' if not defined $phdfiles{$fname}; Steve> A little more verbose, but I don't know of a simpler way to put it. Any Steve> thoughts? Still not right. If I recall, the original used exists() defined != exists. :-) -- Name: Randal L. Schwartz / Stonehenge Consulting Services (503)777-0095 Keywords: Perl training, UNIX[tm] consulting, video production, skiing, flying Email: <merlyn@stonehenge.com> Snail: (Call) PGP-Key: (finger merlyn@teleport.com) Web: <A HREF="http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/">My Home Page!</A> Quote: "I'm telling you, if I could have five lines in my .sig, I would!" -- me ==== Want to unsubscribe from Fun With Perl? ==== Well, if you insist... Send mail with body "unsubscribe" to ==== fwp-request@technofile.org