Yes, i can see why that took a long time to find. I wonder whether a beginning Perl programmer would have found it quicker, actually. They might not have automatically read the mistake as a standard idiom (just the wrong one at the time). There again, beginners (good ones) tend to look closely at everything to find meaning in it. On the grounds of laziness, I use $_ where it saves the most typing, which would have been the inner loop in your case... -- Peter Scott Pacific Systems Design Technologies ==== Want to unsubscribe from Fun With Perl? Well, if you insist... ==== Send email to <fwp-request@technofile.org> with message _body_ ==== unsubscribe